Material working apparatus



Nov. 9, 1937. J. s. BARNES Er AL MATERIAL WORKING APPARATUS Original Filed Aug. l2, 1952 12 Sheets-Sheet 1 Zw/Qntops JLS. Barnes PM (207 e 0 $077 4 V42 Nov.- 9, 1937. J. s. BARNES Er AL MATERIAL WORKING APPARATUS I Original Filed Aug. 12, 1932 12 Sheets-Sheet 2 www N0v 9; 1937- J. s. BARNES E'r'YAL y 2,098,220 I MATERIAL -WORKING APPARATUS l n Original Filed Aug. l2; 1.932- l2 Sheets-Sheet 3 70 i l50 I Nov. 9, 1937. J. s. BARNr-:s-r AL f MATERIAL WORKING APPARATUS 12 Sheets-Sheet 4 l Original Filed Aug. 12, 1932 ANov. 9, 1937. Y y.1. s. BARNES Erm. i 2,098,220

y Y MATERIAL WORKING APPARATUSy l r original Filed'Aug. 12, 1952 12 sheets-sheet 5' v STAT/ON ZE/ventana A l z/eo/'LS f0/777-5. AEar/725 Pm j?. G12/fi l2 Sheets-Sheet- 6 m am if l J. S. BARNES EI' AL MATERIAbWORKING APPARATUS Orlglnal Flled Aug l2 1932 Nov. 9, 1937. J. s. BARNES ET AL 2,098,220

MATERIAL WORKING APPARATUS Original Filed Aug. l2, 1952 12 Sheets-Sheet' 7 Wi VS E11/entame JO/rz/ 5'. Bar/7,25

Nov. 9, 1937.

J. S. BARNES El' AL MATERIAL WORKING APPRATUS l2 Sheets-Sheet 8 Zj/g 295' f JJ 293 Original Filed Aug. l2, 1952 620739@ C?. j/26072; @l @f2 Nov. 9, 1937. .1. s. BARNES E-r AL MATERIAL WORKING APPARATUS Original Filed Aug. 12, 1932 l2 Sheets-Sheet 9 @www ` lia/enfans .Ba/wes Nov. 9, 1937.

J. s. BARNES Er AL 2,098,220

MATERIAL WORKING APPARATUS Original Filed Aug. l2, 1932 12 Sheets-Sheet 10 25152 ZQZ 2a23 h/ J. S. BARNES ET AL(Y MATERIAL WORKING APPARATUS Original Filed Aug. 12, 1932 12 Sheets-Sheet 1l ZQ. Thu.

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| l l l I l l l l I l V I4 Nov. 9, 1937. J. s. BARNES Er AL MATERIAL WORKING APPARATUS Original Filed Aug. 12, 1932 12 Sheets-Sheet 12 W M W Patented Nov.` 9 1937 PATENT OFFICE HATIRIAL WORKING APPARATUS John S. llames.l Paul B.. Guirl, and George C.

Johnson, Rockford,

lli., assignorstoW. F. &

John Barnes Oompany, Rockford, Ill., a' oorporation lof Illinois August Renewed l2, 1932. Serial No. 628,580

'4s ammi. (ci. zs-ss) '.l'his inventionrelates generally to metal working apparatus, and more particule rly to machines of the type adapted ico-simultaneously operate upon opposite sides of a plurality of work-pieces.

5 Production methods of the present day have been developed with the view of turning out work at increased speed to enable the finished product to be sold to the public at relatively low prices. This fact is particularly noticeable in connection l with the manufacture of automobiles. wherein lproduction and machines have been employed to reduce the time and effort required' to machine parts which are ultimately assembled inthe dnished product. Experience l has` shown that even slight changes in machining operations have enabled the ultimate drastic re- Y duction in price to the consumer. One of the serious problem that confronts manufacturers, as well as machine designers, is that of obtaining m increased production without sacricing accuracy, workmanship, etc. In other words, increased production must not be made at the expense of accuracy.

In many of the metal working machinesprevim ously designed. it has been impossible to satisfactorily machine a work-piece from opposite sides thereof. has been necessary to clamp or chuck workpieces in one position for a machining operation 3o and then reclamp or rechuck the piece to complete the machining thereof. has made it practically impossible to produce a plurality of workpieces all having the same desired accurate alinement of surfaces, etc. In the automotive industry. for example,fparts must be interchangeable, and therefore it is most desirable to have all of the machined surfaces on each piece accurately disposed with respect to each other and conforming within closed limits to the dimensions necessary in order to render the devices interchangeable. Rechucking of a piece introduces certain errors because it is practically impossible to secure a work-piece in two positions for machining operations without introducing some discrepancies in theilnished product.

The nt invention relates to that class of machinery designed to "step up production. and it is one of the important objects of this invention to provide metal working apparatus, which no will increase the rate at which parts may be machined without, to the slightest degree. affecting the resultant accuracy. and, in fact, which will enable parts to bemachined with greater accuracy and with less effort by an operator. f

,oli A further object of the invention is to provide The fact that in most instances it metal worldng apparatus or machines whereby balanced machining operations may be performed upon a work-piece; that is to say, the

`work-piece may be acted upon from opposite sides without subjecting it to strains or stresses, which would introduce errors in alinement, dimensions, etc., in the nished product, and by employing this balanced method of metal removing. an increase in the amount of metal removed is obtained without, to the slightest degree, subjecting the work-piece to distortion.

Another object of the present invention is to produce a device for accurately positioning workpieces, and to this end it is proposed to clamp a work-piece once, and thereafter machine all of the surfaces which must be kept within very close limits oi accuracy. In other words, the invention contemplates a machine in which the necessity of rechucking or clamping, after a portion of the machining operation has been completed, is eliminated.

Still another object of the present invention is to provide method and means whereby a step by step metal removing process may be performed in such a manner `that the simultaneous removal of metal from opposite ends or sides of clamped work-pieces may be accomplished without sub- Jecting said work-pieces to strains or stresses which would introduce dimensional errors, and whereby the time required to perform machining operations on a plurality of work-pieces is materially reduced.

A further object of the present invention is to provide a work holding device which is so arranged that a plurality of tools can be conveniently' positioned on opposite sides thereof,

annuler important object of the present 1n- 50 .vention is to provide an improved practical machine, whereby a plurality of parts may be simultaneously operated upon from opposite sides thereof. and whereby parts may be effectively indexed to a plurality of positions until the machining thereof has been completed.-

More speciilcally, the invention contemplates the provision of metal working apparatus, in which a work holder positioned intermediate a pair of oppositely disposed reciprocable heads is adapted to beindexed through a plurality of positions in timed relation with the movements of the cutting tools carried by said heads, whereby machining operations may be successively performed on opposite sides of the work.

Still another object of the present invention is to provide in a machine or metal working apparatus o f the type mentioned above, hydraulic means for effecting the movement of the heads, as well as improved mechanism for causing the work holder to be indexed. l

A further object of the invention is to provide in combination with a machine of the afore` mentioned type safety deviceswhich are adapted to prevent the functioning of the index mechanism out of timed relation with the functioning of the tool carrying heads.

The present invention further contemplates a novel arrangement of self-containedactuator units or drill units in combination with a shiftable work holder or work Supporting unit whereby production of work is greatly expedited.

The foregoing and numerous other objects and advantages will be more apparent from the following detailedfdescription when considered in connection with lthe accompanying drawings,

whereinf Figure 1 is afront elevational view of a machine or metal working apparatus, embodying features of the present invention;

Figure 2 is a perspective view of one type of work-piece adapted to be ymachined by the apparatus shown in Figure 1;

Figure 3 discloses the successive steps or machining operations performed by the machine of Figure l; a l f Figure 4 is anenlarged central sectional view of the lefthand head of the improved machine as viewed in Figure l;

Figure 5 is an enlarged ,transverseV sectional view of the machine taken substantially along the line 5 5 of Figure 4; y Y.

Figure 6 is a similar enlarged transverse sectional view taken substantially along the. line 6-8ofFigure4; @y

Figure 'l is a similar vertical sectional view taken substantially along thevline 1-1 of Figure 4; n f

pFigure 8 is an enlarged plan sectional view of the work holder and indexing mechanism, said view being taken substantially along the line i-l of Figure 'i and line 8 8 vof Figure 4;

Figure 9 is a fragmentary sectional view taken along the line 9-9 of Figure 8, disclosing the relative positions of the pawl and ratchet mechanism which forms apart ofthe device for indexing the work holder; n

Figure 10y is an enlarged fragmentary eleva'- tional view shown partly in section' of the gear pump and associated reservoir;

Lmanually along the une lis-'u of Figure 6, disclosing the spindle construction oir work station dogs;

Figure .isla fragmentary transverse vertical sectional view taken substantially along the line 1 li-ii of Figure 14;

Figure 16` is a fragmentary plan sectional view of the dogs and valve actuating fingers, said view being taken substantially along the line II--Il of Figure 14;

Figure -lZ-is a fragmentary transverse vertical sectional view taken substantially along the line I'I-ll of Figure 14;

. -Figure 18 is a detail central sectional view of the hydraulic actuator which is adapted to automatically effect the shifting of the main control valve ,4

y Figure .19 discloses the hydrauliccircuit arrangement for controlling tue vfunctioning of the spindle heads; v l

' Figure 20 discloses a hydraulic circuit arrangement coupled with machine elements to disclose the manner in which the indexing mechanism is hydraulically controlled intimed relation with the movements offthe spindle supporting heads;

Figure 21v is a view similar to Figure 1 disclosing' an apparatus equipped to machine 'a workpiece which differs structurally from that disclosed in Figures 2 and 3, the machine of Figure 21 being also equipped with a modified work vclamping mechanism; l

l Figure 22 discloses the machiningoperations performed upon the work-piece by the machine of Figure 21;

. Figure 23`.is a transverse vertical sectional view taken substantially along the line 23'-2I lof Figure 2l, disclosing the position of the spindles and the structural arrangement of the modied work clamping mechanism;

Figure 24 is a perspective view of the workpiece shown in Figure 22; and

Figure 25 isa top view of the modified work clamping mechanism .taken substantially along the line 25-25 of Figure 23.

Referring now to the drawings more in detail wherein like numerals have been employed to designate similar parts throughout the various figures, it will be seen that one embodiment of the invention, as shown in Figures 1 to 20 inclusive, includes aA metal working apparatus designated generally by the numeral Ill. Figure 1. This apparatus or machine includes an elongated base'orv bed 32, which'is provided along its upper surfacewith guides ll, `Figures 1 and 4 to 6 inclusive.

Reciprocably mountedupon the guides 34 is a pair of spindle supporting heads 3B and 3B. These heads are practically identical'in structural arrangement and are designed to support and drive a pluralityfof spindles later to be described; The elements on each head will be given the same numerical designation as the identical elements in the other head. Each of the heads is adapted to be reciprocated along Athe guides by suitable hydraulic actuators designated generally by thenumeral Il, and each of these heads supports a prime mover'or electric motore!! for driving their respective tool supporting spindles. Positioned intermediate the heads 36 and 38 is a work holding mechanism i designated generally by the numeral 44, and this mechanism is designed to support a plurality of Q workpieces in position to be simultaneously acted upon by the tools 88 and 88.

Spindle supporting heads ysupriorted within p the heads 88, both of said heads are structurally identical,

and hence a detailed description of one .will sufhce for the other. The head 88 whichsupports the most spindles (five sets in all) is disclosed somewhat in detail in Figures 4 to 8 inclusive. ,The head 86 includes a main frame 46 which is slidably mounted along the upper surface ofy the guides or ways 34. A subframe or flange 48 secured to the left end of the main frame 48. Figure 4, supports the prime mover or electric motor 42. The motorshaft 88 is keyed to an elongated gear member.` 52 which, in turn, is` mounted within anti-friction bearings 84 and I8. With this arrangement and mounting of the elongated gearv 62, the lateral stresses ormovements experienced by the motor shaft `88 are not imparted tothe gear 82.v Further, by

lmeshes with and drives a gear 62- which, in turn,

drives a gear 64. This gear 64 forms the driving element for a feed or plunger pump 'designated generally by the numeral 66. The gear, 82 through a train of gears 68 and 18"drives a rapid traverse pump, such as a gear pump 12, Figures 5, l0, and 1l. The pump 12 may be oi' any suitablefdesign. and, as an' example of one pump which may be satisfactorily employed, reference is made' to the pump disclosed in the co-pending application, Serial No. 430.868, filed February 21, 1930, which has since matured into Patent No. 1,912,737 and the feed pump is preferably of a. nonleakable type such as that disclosed in the copending application, Serial No. 430,867, filed February 2l, 1930, which has since matured into Patent No. 1,989,117. The invention is not limited to any particular type of feed or rapid traverse pumps, but it-is very important that the feed pump be of a design which is adaptable for closed circuit work.

The gear 58 through reduction gears 14, 16, and 18 transmits power toa drive shaft 88, Figlires 4 and 5. The left end of this shaft 88 is splined to the gear 18 and is mounted within an anti-friction bearing 82, while the right end thereof is mounted within a largeranti-friction bearing 84 and supports one of a pair of pick-off gears 88 and 88. The gear 88 is driven from the gear 88 and is keyed to a drive shaft 88 supported within an auxiliary spindle supporting 'head which is designated generally by the numeral 44a.

Auxiliary spindle head At this point it should be understood that the specific structural arrangement of the auxiliary spindle supporting head 44a does not form a part of the present invention, but in order to obtain a clear understanding of the operation of the machine, it is necessary that certain structural features thereof be described in detail.

'I'he shaft 88 serves as a source of power supply for ve pairs of tool supporting spindles which are designated in Figure 6 as 82, 84, 86. 88, and

4surface of the machine bed 32.

|88. 'I 'he spindles 82 are driven from a gear |82, which meshes with' a` gear |84 spllned to the drive shaft 88, Figure 4. The spindles 84 are driven through an idlerV gear |86 which meshes with one o-f the spindles 82, as clearly shown in Figure 6. A second idler gear|88 is interposed betweenthe spindles 84. Spindies 86 are driven from a gear 8 which is driven from a gear ||2 and a drlvegear ||8 carried `by the shaft 88. The spindles 88 are driven from a gear ||6 which meshes with aggear H8. The spindles |88 are driven from a gear |28 ywhich meshes with a gear H4. Thus itwill be apparentthat all ofthe spindles receive their power from a single source. namely, the drive shaft 88 which, in turn, is driven by thei'pick-oil' gears 86 and 88. In order to vary the speed of the spindles, it is only necessary to accordingly change the pick-oiffgears. l

Movement is' imparted to the'head 36 by the hydraulic actuator l48, which includes a vstationary piston |22 secured at one extremity to a bracket .|24 on the machine bed y32.` I'he piston |22 is mounted within a cylinder`|26 carried on the underside of the main frame 46, Figures 4 and 6, and when fluid is introduced withinthe right end of the cylinder |28, as viewed in Figure 4, the head will be shifted to the right, and when fluid enters the left end of the cylinder, said head will bemoved to the left. A clear understanding oi' the hydraulic system of control will be more apparent when the description of the circuit is later described in detail.

Y The structure of the head 38 is similar to the head 36, except that the head 38 supportsl only two pairs of spindles, namely, spindles |28 and |38, Figure 3. The spindle arrangement just described is particularly adaptedfor vmachining a work-piece of the type shown in Figures 2 and 3, said` work-piece being designated generally by the numeral |32. This work-piece includes` a body or flange |34 having a section |38 formed integral therewith. This section |36 must be accurately machined to the proper dimension designated by the letter A, Figure 3, and must be provided with an accurately formed central aperture B. To secure the work-pieces |32 in proper position during the functioning of the heads 86 and 38, the work holding fixture yor device 44 is employed. f

Work support f Thisdevice is best shown in Figures l and 7 to 8 inclusive. A relatively large multif-sided block |38 is keyed to a. shaft |48 supported between roller bearings' |42 and |44, Figure 8. 'I'hese roller bearings are, in turn, supported by a frame I |46 which rests upon and is secured to the upper The block |38 is of hexagonal cross section and is adapted to receive a, pair of Work-pieces |32 in the manner shown in Figure 7. Suitable clamps |48 are employed to secure a pair of work-pieces against the outer surface of the block |38. Each rpair of clamps may be simultaneously vsecured or released by merely turning a nut |58. It will thusy be apparent that the block |38 is adapted to support at one time six pairs of work-pieces, and that five of these pairs of work-pieces are adapt ed to be simultaneously acted upon by the tools supported in the heads 36 and 38. The frame |46 of the workholding device or fixture 44 is arranged at the front side of the machine so as to expose one set of the clamping members |48 in a convenientl position to be manipulated by an to another, the pawl and ratchet mechanism shown in Figures 1 to 9 inclusive is employed.

This mechanism includes a gear quadrant `|32 which is loosely mounted upon the shaft |46. A ratchet |64 keyedto the shaft |46 is adapted to be partially rotated in a counter-clockwise position, as viewed in All'igure 7, through the action of a spring-pressed pawl |66 pivotally mounted .upon the quadrant |62. A second pawl |66 is |66 and cooperateswith a second ratchet |66 to pivotally mounted upon a non-rotatable plate prevent the block |36 from over-running its work:

ing position. A pin Il6a on the'pawi |66 rides upon a cam surface I52a o f the quadrant |62 during the indexing movement. and permitsinward movement of the pawl |56 in time to prevent continued rotation of the ratchet |66 upon the completion of the indexing movement.` Movevment 'is imparted to the quadrant through the e agency of a rack bar |62, which is connected to -the piston |64 of a hydraulicfactuator'desighated generally by the numeral |66. This piston |64 reciprocstes within a cylinder |66 supported by the frame |46, and, as it moves to the right, Figure 7 causes the work supporting block |36 to beshifted through one-sixth of a revolution, thereby presenting a. pair ofy completed work pieces, previously acted upon by the tools in the spindles |66, in position to be, removed `and replaced by another pair of v work-pieces. The

.movement of the actuator piston |64 is timed in accordance` with the movement Vof the heads 66 and 36, as will later be described in more detail.

In order to establish absolute alinement of the tools with respect to the work-pieces supported within the mechanism 44,-the frame |46 is formed with a plurality' of guides |16, Figures 3 and 4.

These guides or bushings |1|il are `alined with the devices whichclamp the work-pieces in place and serve to accurately guide each tool as it appreaches the work-piece. In this manner any lateral distortion or displacement, to which the spindles in the heads 36 and 36 may be subjected,

does not 'introduce inaccuracies during the cutting action upon the work-piece. Referring vto Figure 3, it will be seen that the spindles62 in the head 66 and the companion spindles |26 in the head 66 support drills 62a and |26a respectively, which are designed to partially drill an aperture within the section |36 of the work-piece |32. This may be referred to as the first work station. At the second work station the spindles 64 cause drills 64a carried thereby to complete the drilling operation in the work-piece, while at station 6 the spindles 66 and companion spindles |36 in n the head |36 cause tools or cutters 66a and |36a respectively to vface the opposltesides of the section |36. At station 4 the spindles 66 carry reaming tools 66a which make a roughing, reaming cut lwithin the work-piece, and at station 6 the .spindles |66 support finishing reamer'tools |66a, 4which accurately ilnish the aperture Bwithin the work-piece |32. In this connection it should be noted that guiding shanks I66c assoclatedwith the reamers Illa cooperate with bushings |16 within the frame |46 to maintain absolute alinement of said reamers. The work-piece |32 shown in the'drawingsforms a part of a universal icint used in automobiles, and the machined surfaces Spindle speed increasing` mechanism Attention is directed to the fact that the tools 66a and 66a must travel faster than the other tools, and thereforemeans must be provided to superimpose a longitudinal movement to the kspindles 66 and |66 to cause said spindles to travel at a rate which is faster than the normal rate of advancement 'of the head 36. This is accomplished by employing the mechanism which is best disclosed in Figures 4, 6, 12, and 13. In Figure l2 is shown one 'of the spindles |66 at station No. 5, andit will be seen that this spindle "|66 is coupled with a rack member |12, and that said spindle makes a splined connection with a rotary collar |14. This collar |14 is formed integral with a gear |14a which meshes with the gear |26v previously described, and thus rotation is imparted to the spindle through the driving action of the gear |26. The collar |14 'is' mounted on opposite sides of the gear proper |14a inantifriction bearings |16, and is secured against longitudinal displacement by means of suitable clamping collars or rings |16. spindle supporthead 44a causes the spindle |66 to advance toward the clamped or chucked workpiece |32. vIn order to increase this forward advancement ofthe spindle above the normal travel of the auxiliary head 44a, a gear |66 coupled with a pinion |62 is employed, which meshes with a normally fixed rack bar |64. Rotation of the pinion |62 in the rack bar I 64, acting through the larger gear |66, causes the spindle to experience a forward movement with respect to the auxiliary head or frame 44a. It will be seen that the rack bar |64 is secured against longitudinal movement by means of a latch member |66, Figure 4. This latch member |66 may be elevated against a coil spring |66 through the action of a lever |66 to enable the convenient4 withdrawal of the rack bar |64. The structural arrangement of the spindle 66, Figure 13, is identical with the structural arrangement of the spindle |66, except that the spindle 66 has a slower forward movementsuperimposed thereon than the spindle |66. A bar |64 similar to the previously described bar |64 is similarly associated with the spindle 66. It will be seen that rotation is imparted to the spindle 66 by the gear ||6 .which meshes with a. gear |62 corresponding with the gear I14a shown in Figure 12. The spindle 66 is also formed with a rack section |64, which meshes with a gear |66 corresponding with the gear |66. It will be noted that thegear |66 is smaller than the gear |66 and hence imparts a slower movement tothe spindle 66. From the semi-diagrammatic disclosure in Figure 3, it will be seen that the tools |66a, being equipped with extensions or guiding shanks |66c, must be moved at a faster rate than the reaming tools 66a in order to complete their forward movement simultaneously with the completion of the forward movement of the spindle 66. Furthermore it is desirable, in view of the fact that reaming tools `are driven by the spindle The auxiliary 22. to have these tools advance at a faster rate than thedrills22a and 24a y j Attentionis also directed to the fact that the spindles are coupled with theirrespective tools s by means o! `nexible couplings |99. `These couplings |22 provide suiiicient resiliency betweenl the tools and the spindles so as to enable the tools to eiectively seek their proper predetermined locations within the bushings of the lo frame |42, and further, prevent the spindles from transmitting to the tools lateral stresses experienced duringy the movement oi the heads. In other words, theiiexiblecouplings cooperate to enable the ultimate. accurate machining( op` 1,5 eration to be performed by the tools.

Hain operating valve mechanism Having set forth'iniageneral way the various structural features oi the lmachine shown in, Figures l to 20 inclusive, the control mechanism torgoverning l the timed operation of the heads, indexing 'mechanism,and the `like will now be described.` Theseffeatures can best be described by setting forth in 'conjunction therewitha general statement of operation of the machine. Before setting forth the statement of operation, `itshould .be noted` that high pressure `fluid for `feeding purposes from th'e'pump' and low pressure i'iuid for rapidtraverse purposes from .o theA p'ump 12 is controlled throughithe agency `oi a mainoperatingvalve designated generallyby the numeralv 200, Figures 1 and14 to i9 inclusive. This valve 202 includes a. cylindrical valve memberv 202 longitudinally reclprocable within u a housing 204.

Assume that the valve member 202 occupies its central or neutral/position shown in Figure 19, and that the pumps and 12 are being driven by the prime mover or motor 42. The pump 12 `under such circumstances withdraws 4 iiuid from a reservoir 222 provided within the head 22 and discharges iluid through a conduit 224 and a conduit 223to a central valve passage or port 222. 'This passage 229 now registers with a `22|| in'thev valve member 202, which i directs nula through s second mngitudinai passage 222,` llgurel 19, into an end chamber 224. The chamber 224 is in constant communication with a chamber 225 at the opposite end of the valve casing through a conduit indicated generally by the numeral 229. It should be understood that in the actual construction of the valve this conduit is embodied within the valve housing,but for ythe purpose of simplifying the disclosure, said passage is shown diagrammatically 53 in Figure 19. Fluid from the chamber 225 passes c5 pump 22 is discharged through a conduit 244,

a conduit 242, a valve passage or`port 248, a passage 252, a port `252` within a shiftable Vcontrol member or valve 254 'and thence through a conduit 252 to the intake side of the pump 55. Thus 79 it will be apparent that neither of the pum is propelling the actuator 40.

, f statement of operation nowthat a pairV of .work-pieces |22 7s has beenclampedin position at the loading station, Figure 7, and that a control mechanism or handle 202, Figure 20, is shifted to the left. Y This control handle 209 causes a valve l2|| of an indentV controll' mechanism 2|2 to y shift to the left against the action oi a coil spring 2I2, `liiuid froma reservoir 2|5 mounted beneath the index mechanism 44,* Figures 1 and 20, is delivered by a. gear pump 2|1 through a conduit 2|9 to a central valve passage or' port 22| and thence through a passage or port 222 and a conduit 225 toy the right end of the hydraulic actuator ll.` This causes the piston |54 to move to the left, thereby sluiting the ywork supporting block |22 a sixthv oi'a revolution so as to bring the previously yclamped work-pieces linto position to is supplied to the pump 2|1 from any suitable source, such as anelectricmotor 221 which is also positioned beneath the index mechanism 44 within the bed-222,Figure`s TandZUJVAttention is now directed to 'a` pair of valve actuating devices 229 and 24|, each' of which'includes acyl-l inder or casing 242 and plungers orpis'tons 245. Fluid from the return conduit 221 is also die rected at this time into association with the left end oi' the pistonjin the mechanism 2279 and the right end of the pistonin the control mechanisml 24|,jas"clea.'rly shown lin Figure 20. `In other words, iluid from the conduit 221 maintains the pistons 245 in the position shown. y

As the indexing piston |54 approaches the limit o! its 'stroke tothe left, Figure 20, anarm 241v engages the upper portion of a pivoted`iin8er1249 and thereby releases a valve bar 25|. A coil spring 252 then urges the valve bar 25| vto the left `and establishes communication between the conduit 225 anda conduit 255 through'an annular valve portor'passage 251. 'Ihis conduit 255 communicates with the inner extremities oi' the cylinders 242, and thus the pistons or plungers 245 are urged outwardly against arms 259 and`25| which aremechanically connected withthe main control valve 200 or the heads 25 and 29 respectively. Movement of these arms 259 and 29| causes each of the valve members 202 to be shifted to its rapid approach position, which would be to the right in Figure 19. As previously stated, both valve mechanisms 200 are identical, and hence a description of` the `function oi" one, namely, the valvemechanism on the head 22 will sumce for an understanding oi' the valve mechanism associated with the head 22.

From the foregoing it will be apparent that no automatic shiitingof the main control or operating valves 200 takes place untilV the indexing o! the work support has been completed. A pivoted latch member 252, Figure 20, cooperates with a latchl lug 255 on the control levermechanism 209 to secure itin its left position against the action .of the coil spring 2|2. The latch member 252 is pivoted at 261 and is urged in a clockwise direction by Ya spring`259.' A; relief valve 21| is provided in the'reservoir 2|5 ,to take care of any excessive pressures developed by' thepump`2I1', and. suitable check valves 212, 215,' and 2,11 are provided in association with the conduitsconnected `with the cylinder forplu'poseswhich will be apparent as Athe description progresses.

Vbe acted upon by the tools 92a at the rst work' 'I'he manner in which rthe valveactuating pistons or plungers 245 act to control the shifting of the main control valves 200 to their rapid 4,approach position will be more apparent from Figures 5, 15, 18, and 20. It will be seen that the fingers 259 and 26| are each mounted on a vertical shaft 219, the upper end of which carries a handle 20| to enable manual remote control. This shaft 219 carries a gear 283 which meshes with a rack in a cross bar 285. The opposite extremity of this cross bar has a similar rackwhich meshes with a gear 281 mounted upon a vertical shaft 289. This shaft carries an arm 29|, which makes a slotted connection with the right end of the valve member 202, as clearly shown in Figure 19. Thus movement of the ngers259 and 26| occasioned by their companion plunger-s 245 will cause a movement of the valve members 202 through the agency of the gear and rack structure just described. f

With the valve member 202V shifted to its rapid approach position, namely, to the right, Figure 19, iiuid from the rapid traverse pump 12 passes from the valve member 202 through the conduit 2,46 into the right end ofthe actuator cylinder |26. This causes the head 36 to be moved at a rapid rate toward the work support 44. Fluid from the left 'end of the actuator cylinder |26 passes outv wardly through a conduit 258 into a valve passage or port 260, which now communicates with the chamber 236. 'Ihus fluid is returned through the conduit or pipe line 240 to therestricted orifice 242 and then to the reservoir222. It will be observed that the central section of thevalve member 202 does not present a complete cylindrical cross-section. Opposite sides of ,this section are relieved -to present the areas 291 which permits :fluid to pass therethrough. As shown in Figure 19, the upper and lower sections of the central portion of the valve slidably engage the companion surfaces of the bore in the casing 204, while the oppositely disposed relievedsections 291 of the valve member present a passage which permits fluid received from the conduit 226 to pass into the valve port 248 and thence into the conduit 246 when the valve member is shifted to the right. Likewise, the area 291 permits fluid received from the conduit 226 into the valve port or passage 269 when the valve member 202 occupies its left position.

As the heads 36 advance at a rapid rate, the tools supported thereby eventually pass into the guide bushings|10 within the work supporting mechanism, and, as the tools lreach the work piece, a finger 293, Figures 14 to 16 inclusive. engages an abutment or dog 295, therebycausing the valve member 202 to be returned tothe position shown in Figure 19. As the valve 202 shifts lto this position, a sudden building up of pressure is experienced within the area 291 of the valve member, Figure 19, and this is transmitted tothe right 'end of the shiftable feed pump control member 254. This causes the member 254 to -be suddenly shifted to the left, thereby connecting the feed pump 66 in a closed circuit with the hydraulic actuator 40. This circuit may be traced as follows: From the feed pump 66 through the conduit 244, the conduit 246 to the right end of the actuator cylinder |26, from the left end of said cylinder to the conduit 258 into the valve port or pasf sage 269 through a passage 299, which now communicates with the central valve port or chamber 252. This chamber 252 now communicates through the conduit' 256 with thek intake side of then through a conduit 323.

'this manner both of the heads 36 and 38'are advanced at aA feeding rate duringv the cutting` action of the tool. Attention is directed to the fact that duringthe cutting operation the work supporting block issecured in absolute alinement by means of guide bars 30| carried by each head. These bars enter apertures 303, Figure 8. It should also be noted that a large horizontally disposed bar or shaft 305 extends across the upper portion of the machine so as to lend rigidity to the heads, indexing mechanism, and work support.

As the heads move forwardly, a rod 301 carried by the head 36, Figure 20, and a'rod 309 carried by the head 38 eventually engage rollers carried at opposite extremities of the pivoted latch member 263, thereby releasing the control lever mecha-` nism 209. The spring 2|3 automatically shifts the lever mechanism 209 to the right, thereby causing iiuid fromthe pump 2 |1 -to be delivered to the left end of the actuator cylinder |66vand returning the piston |64 to the position shown in Figure 20. During this movement the pawl |54"k clicks pastthe nextratchettooth in position to form van indexing operation upon the return movement of the piston |64. It lshould also be noted that when the piston` |64 reaches the position shown in Figure 20, fluid entering the left Aend "n of the cylinder |66 passes outwardly through the check valve 211 and then through the return con'- duit 225.' As .the piston |64 approaches the position shown in Figure .20, the arm 241 engages a from the left valve chamber 3|5 to flow through a passage 3I1, a. longitudinal passage 3|9 within the valve member 3| I, an annular port 32| and This conduit 323 connects with a reversing control mechanism.325. This mechanism 325 includes a. valve member 321 which is normally urged to the right into the position shown in Figure 19 by means of a coil spring 329. In this position fluid from the conduit 323 must pass through a restricted annular opening 33| through an outlet port 333 into a conduit 335, which communicates with the restricted orifice 242 through the conduit 240. When the pressure within the right end of the cylinder |26 increases suiiiciently to set up pressure within a conduit 331 communicating with the right end of the valve member 321, said member shifts tothe left against the action .of the coil spring 329 and permits-fluid from the conduit 323 to passy outwardly through a conduit 339 which connects with the reservoir 222. Upon the actuation of the valve member 321 uid from the left vchamber 3| 5 of the main operating valve is s'uddenly released and the normal valve balancing pressure of the fluid within the chamber- 234 is suilicient to cause the valve member 202 tonbe suddenly shifted to its left rapid reverse position. In this position the rapid traverse pump 12 serves to direct fluid in a reverse direction to the actuator cylinder |26, and the feedpump control member 254 is automatically returned to the position shown in Figure 19.

As the heads reach their initial or starting posi- Vbers 349 and 35|.

, tion,` a finger 34| engages an abutment or dog 343,

Figures 14 to 16 inclusive, thereby automatically returning the valve member 232 to neutral. It will be understood, of course, that a similar set of dogs or ngers is associated with each head. By merely urging the lever mechanism 2,09 to the left, Figure 20, a second cycle of operation is initiated. It will be apparent that after the work support has been indexed through ve successive stations, each indexing thereof will present a completed pair of work-pieces at the loading station. The valve mechanism 200 may alsobe manually controlled yby manipulating a valve control handle 3,44, or it may be remotely controlled by manipulation ofthe handle 23|.

Slow feed mechanism Attention is nowdirected to a slow feed mechanism designated generally by the numeral 345, Figures 14 and 19. 'I'his mechanism includes a casing or housing 341 secured to one side of each head and includes a pair of shiftable valve mem- The mechanism 345 is only used in instances where it is desirable -to slow down `the movement of a head, for example, when it is desired to make a heavier cut. This mechanism 345 serves to divert a predetermined amount of fluid before it is delivered to the actuator cylannular port 359 thereof to register with passages 33| and 363. With the valve members 349 and 35| in the positions just described. fluid diverted from the conduit `243 through a conduit 355 passes through an adjustable needle valve331 through an annular passage or port-333 in the valve member 349 and thence through the passages 359,r

359, 353, and a conduit` 31|, which connects with the return conduit 253. Itk will thus be apparent that by adjusting the needle valve 331 to a predetermined position, a predetermined amount of fluid may be diverted Aso as to effect a definite decrease in rate of movement of the head. When the arm 353 has been shifted sufilciently to carry a second adjustable stop or screw 31| into engagement with the valve member 349, the communication between the needle valve 351 and the return pipe line 253 is closed. It should be understood that the bleeder valve mechanism 345 is only employedwhen the nature of the workpiece to be machined requires it. Suitable coil springs are provided at the right' end of the valve members 349 and 35| to automatically urge said members to the left when the screws 351 and 31| are freeto be shifted to the left. In order to vary theamount of dwell in the head occasioned by the use of the mechanism 325, an adjustable cap 313 is provided which operates to vary the load` placed upon the coil spring 329. It will 'be apparent that when a dwell at -the end ofthe feeding stroke of the head is not required, the mechanism 325 may be disconnected, and in that case the conduit 323 would be connected directly with the return conduit 339.

Manned struc-:urte- In Figures 21 to 25 inclusive a slightly modified work vsupport and work clamping means are shown. The heads of the device shown in Figures 21 to 25 inclusive and the controlmechanism therefor are similar to the structures previously described, the only diilerenceV being` that the heads of Figure 21, which I have designated generally by the Vnumerals 35a and 33a are equipped and 335. The spindles 315 and 33| are equippedr with drills 331, while the spindles 311 and 333 are equipped with hollow mills 339 adapted to perform a roughing operation. 'Ihe spindles 319 and 335 are equipped with finishing hollow mills ed to be urged toward andvaway from the workpiece through the agency of( a screw 391. The rotation of this screw may be convenientlymontrolled by a suitable driving mechanism 399 mounted at the upper portion of a frame |46a. Ihls mechanism 339 is normally heldin its uppermost position. as shown in Figure 23, by means of a weight 43|, and, when manually urged downwardly, automatically couples itself with the exposedend of the screw 391. After a work-piece has been placed in position, it is only necessary` to manually urge the driving device 399 into op; i

erative association with the screw and thereby cause the members 395 to clampingly engage the work piece. Similarly, when it is desired to release the work-piece, it is only necessary to effect a reverse rotation of the mechanism 399 and bring it into operative association' with the screw 391. The structural details of the device 399 are `not disclosed because the structural features per se of this device do not form a part ofthe present invention. In fact, any suitable rotary driving mechanism adapted to be moved into and out of association with the screw 391, may be employed.

'I'he work-piece |32a also forms a part of a universal joint, and hence the machining operations thereon must be very accurately performed. The work supporting block |39a may be indexed through the three work stations in the manner already described in connection with the block |39, and the heads 35a and 33a perform a cycle of operations similar to that previously described in connection with the heads` 35 and 33, mills.

` etc. The hollow mills shown in Figure 22 are Summary From the foregoing it will be apparent that the present invention contemplates the provision of an improved practical material or metal working apparatus, in which a support or turret for a plurality of/work-pieces is positioned intermediate spindle heads, and they parts are so arranged that a succession of different cutting or machining operations may be performed from Vwith a minimum'amount of eil'ort The opposite sides of veach work piece are ex- DOSed so as to readily receive the dierent tools in' rapid succession until the machining operations are completed, and this isv accomplished and skill on the'part of an'operator.v y It will also be apparent that, by `employing a 'machine of the type described herein, rechuck- 1ing-or reclaznping of work pieces is absolutely eliminated, and thus the inaccuraciesotherwise introduced by such rechucking operations. are

precluded. In other words, considerable time and chining operation. Attention is directed to the fact that rall of the spindles rotate'at a speed corresponding with the nature of the work to be performed' by Vthe tool, thereby affording -the proper surfacespeed between the work and the cutting tool. In other'words, the spindles rotate at aV predetermined speed governed by the work which the ytools carried thereby are to perform regardless of the indexed position of the work Supportt Machinesv constructed in accordance -with the feachingsof the presenhinv'ention need not have more than one unit movable during the-cutting operation. In other words. ylurin'g the -cutting operation the work piece is held' stationary, and the only part or unit which is moved is the spindle supporting head. This shouldV be distinfrom other types ofmachines wherein both work support and tools must'be subjected to movement' Lin order to eect cutting operations.

The manner in which the transmission gears in the spindle head are arranged enables a variation in spindle speed to be obtained by merely making a simple gear change. Furthermore, the motor or prime mover is supported in'` such a manner that it may be removed or attached without disturbing thel gear transmission and without subjecting said transmission to any lateral stresses or strains. y

The invention also contemplates the severalsafety ,features which have been enumerated, one Aof which'prevents forward movement of the heads until the indexing operation has taken place. The improved mechanism associated with two of the spindles in the head I6 provides very effective yand practical means for superimposing additional ,longitudinal speed to said spindles. and thus enables all Vof the spindles to be driven from a common source. Machinesv constructed in accordance with the present invention have proven very satisfactory in the field in not only increasing production, but also in enabling workpieces to be accurately machined within very close dimensional limits.

While specific structural features have been disclosed herein, it should be understood that the invention is capable of numerous other modifications and changes without departing from the spirit and scope of the appended claims.

' Patent is:

aoaaaao 'opposite sides thereof with speed and accuracy.

, Having thus described our invention, what we claim as new and desire to secure `by letters l. In metal working apparatus, a support for a plurality of work-pieces, spindle carrying means positioned on opposite sides of said work support, a pluralityv of spindlesin said spindle carrying means adapted to carry tools for performing "a l succession of'cutting operations upon each workpiecefrom'opposite sides thereof, power means for effecting relative movement between the supi port carrying the spindles vand thework-piece,

'whereby to cause the tools carried by said spindles cession of machining operations to be performed f on each work-piece until completed.

- vii. In metal working apparatus, a support for a plurality'of work-pieces, a housing therefor, spindle carrying means in said housing positioned on `opposite sides of said work support, a plurality of spindles in said spindle' carrying means adapted to carry tools for performing a succession of cutting operations Vupon each work-piece from opposite sides thereof, means for effecting relative movement between the spindles and the'workpiece, whereby to cause the tools carried by said spindles to act upon the work from opposite sides thereof, means for indexing the work support after each machining operation, whereby to enable a. succession of machining operations tobe, v

performed on each work-piece until completed,

. andguiding means in'said housing foi' receiving said tools as they are advanced toward the work and positively locating said tools with respect to thework, whereby to. maintain a predetermined alinement of said tools with respect to the wor during the machining operation.

3. In metal working apparatus, a support for a plurality of work-pieces, a housing therefor, spindle carrying means positioned on opposite sides of said work support, a plurality of spindles in said 'spindle carrying means adapted to carry tools for performing a succession of cutting operations upon each work-piece from opposite sides thereof, means for effecting relativevmovement between the spindles and the work-piece, whereby to cause the tools carried by said spindles :to act upon the work from opposite sides thereof. means for indexing the work support after each machining operation, whereby to enable a succession of lmachining operations to be performed on each work-piece until completed, and guides in said housing positioned on opposite sides of the work. support for receiving and positively locating the tools carriedby the spindles in a preselected position with respect to a supported work piece as said tools are advanced into association with the work, said guides being secured in a fixed position and adapted to accurately control the alinement of the tools with the work irrespective of any lateral stresses to which the'spindles'may lbe subjected. 

